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Peire de Valeira
Peire de Valeira, Valeria, or Valera (fl. early–mid twelfth century) was a Gascon troubadour. Since troubadour poetry probably originated in northwest Aquitaine (Poitou and Saintonge) and first spread—within a generation—south into Gascony, Peire was one of the earliest troubadours.〔Zumthor, 15.〕 Only two of his poems survive,〔Egan, 80.〕 one ''canso'' ("Vezer volgra n'Ezelgarda"〔"I want to see Dame Ethelgard," translated by James H. Donalson (here. )〕) and one ''cobla'' ("Qui qu'Amors don son voler"〔"He who gives his will to love," trans. by Donalson (here. )〕).
His birthplace was Valera, near Podensac and Saint-Macaire in the Gironde.〔 His ''vida'' places his birthplace in the fief of Arnaut Guillem de Marsan, who was himself a troubadour.〔 He was a contemporary of Marcabru and originally a jongleur.〔 His poems were typical for the time, according to Uc de Saint Circ, the probable author of his ''vida'', being about natural objects (like leaves, flowers, and birds), but not of great value to the biographer's time.〔 But Uc saves his harshest critique for the end, as Elizabeth Poe relates:
The unexpected afterthough, one of the factors contributing to the humor of the sentence ... is another typical device of Uc's style. He catches us off guard with this tactic at the end of the short ''vida'' about Peire de Valeira, for example, which he concludes with the harsh judgement: ''Sei cantar non aguen gran valor'' "His songs did not have much value" . . .and just when we think he has completed his devastating critique, he adds ''ni el'' "and neither did he."〔Poe, 196.〕
Peire's entire ''vida'', found in MSS ''I'' and ''K'', however, is probably unreliable, since it appears to confuse him with another Gascon troubadour, Arnaut de Tintinhac.〔Riquer, II, 242–243.〕
Peire is often placed in a hypothetical "school" of poetry which includes Bernart de Ventadorn, Cercamon, Jaufre Rudel, Marcabru, Marcoat, and Peire Rogier among others.〔Harvey, 102.〕 Further, the references in his ''vida'' to songs of the time concerning leaves, flowers, songs, and birds may be evidence for an early troubadour genre which did not survive.〔 It may also be that the distinctiveness of Peire's genre was regional, a Gascon style. The later Gascon troubadour Guiraut de Calanso wrote verses that were ''d'aquella saison'' ("of that time") and disliked in Provence, perhaps pointing to a Gascon tradition (or "literary fad") which was not popular outside of ''Gascoigna'' (Gascony).〔Wilson, 516.〕 The ''paubra valor'' ("poor value") of Peire's songs may be a reflection of the popularity of Gascon influence.〔
==Notes==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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